Fred Hollows (1929 - 1993)

Timeline

         place of birth- New Zealand

           

          Date of  Birth-9 April 1929

       In 1960- got a job in Australia

        Education-Victoria University 

        In 1965- Professor of Ophthalmology in UNSW

       In 1958- Married

       

     In 1993 February 10- died in sydney

    In the 1970's- helped Aboriginal people

    By 1980-   travelling all over the world to help set up eye health programs in developing countries

   By 1989- dying of cancer
     

                        Charles Frederick 'Fred' Maynard (1879-1946)

Turning Points


            exposed to a cruel and harsh experience with a Christian Minister at Dungog.

           eventually escaped the Minister but had been armed with an education.
           
          work on the docks in Sydney as a wharf labourer.










Achievements

          met legendary African American boxing champion Jack Johnson in 1907
           
          through contact with visiting international black merchant seamen from the US,

         injustices inflicted upon the Aboriginal population. 

        despite the passage of over nine decades, remain as significant as when he penned them.

         

Turning point:




Mandela had to resign from the ANC and work underground. I

 in 1960 the Sharpeville massacre of 63 black South African’s changed the whole political climate


1962 Mandela had been arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in the notorious Robben Island prison. 

 eventually led to Mandela’s release in 1990. 

 Nelson Mandela became increasingly aware of the unjust nature of South African Society. The majority of Black South Africans had little opportunities either Economic or Political.

lengthy Treason Trial


Achievement:

1994:Nelson Mandela was democratically elected state president South Africa.

President until June 1999

advocacy of reconciliation led to international acclaim and importantly the trust of the White African  population.
 widely admired and has received many prestigious awards.

1993 Nelson Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

 qualified as a Lawyer.

 In 1952 Mandela and Tambo opened the first Black Law firm in South Africa

Solar cell breakthrough fulfils Scientist's dream

Summary
According from Scientists Dr Hao Xiaojing at the University of NSW are using non-toxic and abundant materials. The thin-film solar cells are make  from copper, zinc, tin and sulphur (CZTS). She said solar cells has been brought closer to reality. The larger-scale solar farms are reach 20% but their cells use toxic materials. However, they can not provide the solar industry demands. Dr Hoa and her team has been use coat range of surface. Therefore, the existing silican-cells boosting the efficiency to 30% or higher.